Cresolic varnish composition.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JONAS W. AYLSWORTI-I, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO CONDENSITECOMPANY OF AMERICA, OF GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEWJERSEY.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J ONAS W. AYLsWoRTH, a citizen'of the United States,and a resident of East Orange, in the county of Essex and State of NewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in CresolicVarnish Compositions, of which the following is a description.

My invention relates to varnish or enamel compositions which include, insolution, fusible soluble products made from cresol and formaldehyde.

It also relates to a cresol resin which is soluble in various varnishand hydrocarbon oils and solvents, including liquidmonochloro-naphthalene, and which, dissolved in one of the oils orsolvents referred to, constitutes one form of my varnish or enamelcomposition.

The objects of my invention are to produce improved compositions of thischaracter.

In my application Serial No. 673,362, filed January 25, 1912, I describeand claim a fusible phenol resin, formed by reaction between phenol orcresol and formaldehyde, and processes for forming the same. The presentinvention, so far as it relates to the cresol resin particularlydescribed, is a spe cific improvement on that of the application abovereferred to, in that it causes a re action between ortho cresol andformaldehyde in specified proportions and in such a manner as to producea gum or resin which is soluble in various hydro-carbon and varnish oilsand molten waxes. Resins made from phenol are not soluble in such oils,and no synthetic resins previously described by other inventors, to myknowledge, have had this property of being so soluble.

My improved composition is useful for mixture with varnish oils and thelike, and as an ingredient in compositions in which phenol resin cannotbe used because of its insolubility in such oils and substances as thosementioned. I

In preparing my improved oil-soluble cresol resin, I preferably proceedas follows. Ortho cresol 30 parts and a 40 per cent. so-

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Se t 22 1914 Application filedJune 12, 1912. Serial N 0. 703,199.

lution of formaldehyde, 14c to 16 parts, together with a small amount ofwater if desired, from 0 to 8 parts, are heated together 1n an autoclaveto cause the desired reaction which takes place at a temperature ofabout 270 F. The water, if added, is used to decrease the violence ofthe reaction. The reaction is controlled by keeping the temperature andpressure in the autoclave down, to prevent a too violent or rapidreaction, so that the reaction may be completed in from three to fourhours. Excess cresol and any Water formed by the reaction are thenremoved from the mass preferably by vacuum distillation and thecomposition is also dehydrated by heating in a vacuum up toapproximately a temperature of 350 F.

The resulting gum or resin has a melting point from 140 to 170 F. andcontains only a small percentage of free cresol, prob ably not more thanthree or four per cent. The resin contains no uncombined formaldehydeand is not hardened into the infusible condensation product or otherwisechemically changed by heating to any temperature less than its,decomposition point. This cresol resin is soluble in all proportions invarnish oils and solvents, such as linseed oil, Chinese Wood oil, benzoland turpentine oil. It is also soluble in various hot hydrocarbon oilsand molten waxes. Where a varnish which does not depend on an addedhardening agent is to be used, compositions ofthe cresol resindescribed, with one or more of the drying oils, such as linseed oil, andChinese wood oil, are preferred. The cresol resin described is alsosoluble in the chloroderivatives of naphthalene, such as the liquid monochloro naphthalene, and the higher solid chloro-naphthalenes. This isalso true of cresol resin made in accordance with my application, SerialNo. 673,362, referred to, using cresol instead of phenol in theprocesses there described. This resin is not, however soluble in thevarious varnish oils and solvents mentioned above, in which the cresolresin described herein, is soluble. Enamel or lacquer compositions whichmay be hardened by subsequent heat treatment are prefmade from phenol.-

.erably made by compounding the eresol resin of either variety and asuitable hardening agent therefor, such as hexa-methylene-tetra-amin,with free eresol and a fluid chloro-naphthalene. The proportions of thelatter ingredient may vary in wide limits, for example, from nomono-chloro-naphthalene up to mono-chloro-naphthalene of twice the weiht of the eresol resin depending on' the desired fluidity and characterof the varnish or lacquer desired. The free eresol referred to also maybe added in wide limits and if used in large percentages, the methy-'plied in the proportion of three or four per cent. of the weight of theeresol resin and an additional amount in the proportion of 20 to 25 rcent. of the weight of the free eresol used. Also, I in some cases,solidchloronaphthalenes or chloro-phenols should be added to thesolution since they have the property of reducing the shrinkage of thevarnish film during and after hardening, the coefiicient of expansion ofcresolic compositions being greater than that of those Desirablesubstances for this purpose are tetraand heXa-ehloronaphthalenes andtetra-chloro-phenol.

Mono-chloro-naphthalene is especially desirable as a solvent ingredientfor compositions which are to be hardened by subsequent heating, becauseit is liquid at room temperatures, but remains in the hardenedcomposition, apparently in the condition of solid solution as adesirable plasticity ingredient. Cresol resin of both varietiesdescribed by me is soluble in mono-chloro-naphthalene in all proportionsand mono-chloro-naphthalene is similarly soluble in eresol resin in allproportions by the aid of heat. Phenol resin andmono-chloro-naphthalene, however, are not thus mutually soluble in allproportions. Mono-chloro-naphthalene is soluble in phenol resin whenheated therewith in proportions of approximately equal parts, but whenlarger amounts of mono-chloro-naphthalene are used, they do not remainin solution with the phenol resin. The free eresol referred to is also adesirable solvent element for the varnish composition when provision ismade for hardening the same by reaction with an addedmethylene-containing agent on subsequent heat treatment, the

eresol being a liquid, whereas phenol is solid at room temperatures. Bythe term eresol I include mixtures of the three modifications of eresolor inixtures of cresols and phenol which are liquid at roomtemperatures, the enamel composition which I should prefer to use beingone which is fluid at room temperatures.

Having now described my invention'what I claim as new and desire toprotect by Letters Patent is 1. A composition of matter comprising afusible eresol resin which is soluble in all proportions in linseed oil,benzol, turpentine oil, and other varnish oils and hot hydrocarbon oils,substantially as described.

2. A composition of matter comprising a fusible eresol-formaldehydecondensation:

product having a melting point of from 140 F. to 170 F. and which issoluble in all proportions in linseed oil and turpentine oil,substantially as described.

3. A composition of matter comprising a fusible eresol resin, which issoluble in all proportions in turpentine, linseed oil, Chinese wood oil,and benzol, and which is unchangeable into an infusible product byheating at any temperature less than that of its decomposition,substantially as described.

4. A composition of matter comprising a fusible anhydrous eresol resin,which is unchangeable into an infusible product by heating at anytemperature less than that of its decomposition, and is soluble in allproportions in turpentine oil, benzol, linseed oil, Chinese wood oil,and mono-chloronaphthalene, substantially as described.

5. A composition of matter comprising a fusible eresol resin, amethylene-containing hardening agent therefor, and a solvent for thesaid ingredients comprising monochloro-naphthalene, substantially asdescribed.

6. A composition of matter comprising a fusible eresol resin, amethylene-containmg hardening agent therefor, and a solvent for the saidingredients comprising monochloro-naphthalene and free eresol,substantially as described.

7. A composition of matter which is fluid at room temperaturescomprising ingredients capable of transformation by heat into a hardinfusible eresol-methylene condensathe said cresol-formaldehydecondensation a hard, infusible product, substantially as product, thesaid product being soluble in described. 10 mono-chloro-naphthalene inall proportions, This specification signed and witnese andmono-chloro-naphthalene in proportion this 10th day of June 1912.

5 up to twice the weight of the said product, JONAS W. AYLSWORTH.

remaining in solution with the said product Witnesses: at roomtemperatures, the said composition DYER SMITH,

being capable of transformation-by heat into HENRY, SHELDON.

